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This National Center for Education Research (NCER) Practice Guide is the second in a series of IES guides in education. The goal of this practice guide is to formulate specific and coherent evidence-based recommendations that educators can use to encourage girls in the fields of math and science. The target audience is teachers and other school personnel with direct contact with students, such as coaches, counselors, and principals. The practice guide includes specific recommendations for educators and the quality of evidence that supports these recommendations. This practice guide provides five recommendations for encouraging girls in math and science. These recommendations together form a coherent statement: To encourage girls in math and science, we need to begin first with their beliefs about their abilities in these areas, second with sparking and maintaining greater interest in these topics, and finally with building associated skills. The five recommendations are: (1) Teach students that academic abilities are expandable and improvable; (2) Provide prescriptive, informational feedback; (3) Expose girls and young women to female role models who have succeeded in math and science; (4) Create a classroom environment that sparks initial curiosity and fosters long-term interest in math and science; and (5) Provide spatial skills training. Technical information on the studies is appended. (Contains 3 tables, 4 figures, and 147 footnotes.) [This report was prepared for the National Center for Education Research, Institute of Education Sciences by Optimal Solutions Group, LLC. For the first practice guide in this series, see ED497258.]