Læst 8 gange
tandfonline.com har udgivet en rapport under søgningen “Teacher Education Mathematics”:
Abstract
Abstract
During his first presidential term, Joko Widodo increased expenditure on, and the coverage of, several social protection policies, including the conditional cash transfer program. These policies began in the aftermath of the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis and have proliferated in recent years. This Survey will examine these policies, paying particular attention to implementation problems, including effective targeting through the construction of a unified database. It will also examine both food policy and broader health policy issues. It is widely agreed that health problems, such as those relating to early childhood development, must be addressed in Indonesia in a wider context, including through the provision of clean water and sanitation facilities, food security, and social assistance. The Survey will also examine recent discussions of trends in inequality and poverty, several of which claim that inequality has been increasing. Using recent figures published by Statistics Indonesia, it is argued that expenditure inequality has in fact been trending downward in recent years.
Pada periode pemerintahannya yang pertama, Joko Widodo menambah pengeluaran dan cakupan beberapa kebijakan perlindungan sosial, termasuk bantuan langsung bersyarat. Tipe kebijakan seperti ini telah dimulai sejak krisis keuangan Asia di 1997-98 dan semakin berkembang di tahun-tahun belakangan. Survei ini menelaah kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut dan secara khusus memperhatikan berbagai masalah implementasi, termasuk penargetan efektif melalui pembuatan sistem data terpadu. Survei juga menganalisis isu-isu kebijakan pangan dan kesehatan yang lebih luas. Banyak disetujui bahwa masalah-masalah kesehatan, seperti yang mencakup perkembangan dini anak, harus disasar dalam konteks yang lebih luas di Indonesia – termasuk pemenuhan air bersih dan fasilitas sanitasi, ketahanan pangan, dan bantuan sosial. Selain itu, survei ini juga menelaah diskusi terkini soal tren dalam ketimpangan dan kemiskinan – beberapa di antaranya mengklaim bahwa ketimpangan semakin meningkat. Menggunakan angka-angka terbaru yang diterbitkan oleh BPS, penulis berpendapat bahwa ketimpangan pengeluaran justru telah mengalami tren penurunan belakangan ini.