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Five years ago the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) launched a revolution in our education system by insisting that all students should be proficient in reading and math by 2014 and demanding comprehensive reforms to reach this national goal, including strong assessment and accountability systems, a highly qualified teacher in every classroom, more choices for students and parents, a new emphasis on school improvement, and the use of research-based instructional practices. Under NCLB, States and local school districts have made strides in putting these reforms in place, and the first returns are promising. The latest results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress show that we have reversed a decade of stagnation in student achievement, with scores rising significantly in both reading and math in the early grades and achievement gaps between African-American and Hispanic students and their white peers falling to all-time lows. Now it is time to work again with a bipartisan Congress on a reauthorization of NCLB that will preserve and strengthen its core principles. The Administration has developed a reauthorization proposal that would continue efforts to close achievement gaps through high State standards and strong accountability, encourage more rigorous coursework in our middle and high schools to prepare students for postsecondary education and the workforce, give States and school districts new tools and resources to help turn around low-performing schools, and provide more options to parents with students in such schools. In particular, both the Administration’s NCLB reauthorization proposal and its 2008 budget request would focus on providing additional resources and reforms at the high school level, where too many of our schools graduate students who are not prepared for either postsecondary education or employment in the global economy, and where more than 1 million students annually leave school without graduating at all. The 2008 request would address this basic challenge to American competitiveness and individual success by providing substantial new resources both to strengthen our high schools and to increase incentives, particularly for students from low-income families, to stay in school, work hard, and go to college. For 2008, the President is requesting $56.0 billion in discretionary appropriations for the Department of Education, the same as the 2007 level. Discretionary appropriations for the Department have grown by $13.8 billion, or 33 percent, since fiscal year 2001. This publication is divided into four main parts: (1) Summary of the 2008 Budget; (2) The 2008 Budget by Program Area; (3) Programs Proposed for Elimination; and (4) Departmental Management. Summary of Discretionary Funds, PART Rating of ED Programs, Total Elementary and Secondary Education Expenditures, and Detailed Budget Table by Program are appended. [For the 2007 Budget Summary, see ED494739.]