eric.ed.gov har udgivet: The study investigated alternative explanations for differences in mathematics achievement between pairs of handicapped students exhibiting comparable amounts of academic engaged time. Forty-two students in grades 2-4 from urban and suburban districts participated; 14 students were classified as learning disabled, 14 as emotionally or behaviorally disturbed, and 14 as educable mentally retarded. Explanations investigated were student demographics, cognitive functioning, home and family factors, teacher stress, student cognitions (including cognitive style), student motivation, behavior, and conditions in the learning environment. Of all factors investigated, only cognitive ability served as a consistent explanation for differences in math achievement for students matched on academic engaged time. Creating composite variables (specifically attitude modeling by significant others, stress/chaos in the child’s environment, and home-school cooperation) was not helpful in explaining math achievement… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: Thematic units, the basis of organization for this guide, work in many ways toward the dual goals of language and content area instruction. The thematic units presented here address topics of high interest to limited English-proficient (LEP) students, including: robots; using a computer data base; activities with plants; building terrariums; architecture; and cooking. In order to provide LEP students with an active role in the learning process, the units incorporate many opportunities for them to play games, participate in movement activities, enter into role playing, create art works and constructions, cook and manipulate materials. To bridge the gap between the classroom and the real world, the units incorporate field trips and other activities that provide LEP students with motivational experiences to facilitate their learning of the new… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This packet includes reprints of journal articles and other resources concerning the assessment of science and math in small, rural elementary schools. Articles include: (1) “Standards, Assessment, and Educational Quality” (Lauren B. Resnick); (2) “A True Test: Toward More Authentic and Equitable Assessment” (Grant Wiggins); (3) “How World-Class Standards Will Change Us” (Arthur L. Costa); (4) “Smart Tests” (Deborah L. Cohen); (5) “Laser Disk Portfolios: Total Child Assessment” (Jo Campbell); (6) “Portfolios Invite Reflection–from Students and Staff” (Elizabeth A. Hebert); (7) “Portfolio Assessment in the Hands of Teachers” (Clare Forseth); (8) “Portfolio Assessment” (Susan Black); (9) “Assessing the Outcomes of Computer-Based Instruction: The Experience of Maryland” (Gita Z. Wilder, Mary Fowles); (10) “Why Standards May Not Improve Schools” (Elliot W. Eisner); (11) “Assessing Alternative Assessment” (Gene I.… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This book offers guidelines for elementary school teachers for making adaptations in reading and mathematics instruction for students with mild disabilities in the general education classroom. Following an introductory chapter, Chapter 1 presents eight principles for materials adaption organized according to the acronym FLEXIBLE: F-feasible (adaptations must be feasible in the classroom), L-lively (adaptations must be lively and fun), E-eliminated (adaptations must have the goal of being eventually faded out), X-explicit (adaptations must have a definite explicit purpose), I-intentional (adaptions should be part of a comprehension individualized plan), B-beneficial (adaptations should benefit the student with disabilities without detracting from the learning of other students), L-limelight (adaptations do not place undue attention on the student with disabilities), and E-evaluated (adaptations should be evaluated on an ongoing basis). Chapter… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This study examined a fifth year teacher, who had participated in an original project assessing the effectiveness of metaphor within collaborative reflection to help prospective teachers define, explain, and challenge their beliefs about learning and teaching science. Results found that using metaphor as a tool for reflection helped the teacher articulate beliefs and put them into practice during student teaching. The study investigated, after 5 years, the extent to which he continued using an inquiry stance, metaphor remained part of his personal reflection, and other changes impacted his learning to teach. Results indicated that he had found a reflection tool in metaphor, and the inquiry stance to go with it, to help him systematically study classroom problems and possibilities. He continued collaborative reflection within learning communities of… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: The study examined how adding students with learning disabilities (LD) to regular education classrooms changed the behavior of nonhandicapped students and their teachers. Initial observations were of mainstream classes containing no learning-disabled students. Observations were again conducted after LD students had been mainstreamed for 8 months. Eleven LD students were observed in five classrooms containing 89 nonhandicapped students in grades 1-5. Behaviors were coded in five areas: type of materials, grouping arrangement, person monitoring the activity, student response, and teacher response. Analyses of the observation data revealed no significant changes in teachers’ behaviors after the implementation of the full-time mainstreaming program. Overall, nonhandicapped students spent the same amount of time reading in reading class and doing math in math class. Nonhandicapped students continued to be actively engaged… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This guide is a collection of ideas for mathematics activities which were assembled and tested by primary teachers. Activities are correlated to a mathematics curriculum for ages 7-9 years. The activities supplement the teaching of basic numeracy and include topics such as the language of mathematics, matching numbers, tracing the numbers, number bonds, number rhymes, number patterns, measurement, weight, money, shapes, and time. Each section of the core curriculum outline is accompanied by one or more activities. Worksheets for each activity are also provided. (DDR) Link til kilde
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This case study of East School, a central Vermont K-2 school with 125 students, describes the early stages of changing instruction and learning in a school with established district-wide standards. Changes in teaching at the local level were led by example, modeled by a dynamic principal as she encouraged the teachers to move towards a more integrated teaching framework. The case study also describes the contributions and struggles of a dedicated volunteer who felt a deep ownership of the project and yet was not allowed to truly work with the team, which brings forth questions around the inner-workings of the team, the role of outside facilitators, and team understanding of project goals and objectives. The findings of this case study lead to the conclusion that the principal’s… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: The University of Wyoming (UW) teacher education program is a collaborative between UW faculty and educators from school districts throughout the state. Though the university faculty is charged with teaching teachers, the equally important “teachers of teachers” are the exemplary classroom teachers who provide modeling and expertise for preservice teachers. Throughout their training, students participate in campus-based coursework and classroom-based experiences at an assigned school site. There are four program elements: Phase 1, “Focus on Learning”; Phase 2, “Teacher as Decision Maker”; Phase 3, “Teaching Humanities, Literacy, Math/Science”; and Phase 4, a teaching residency. The university views technology as a powerful pedagogical tool, and focuses on using technology to improve student achievement rather than on the equipment and infrastructure. Students integrate technology into their individual and group… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This report presents the findings of a study that examined the impact of compensatory education services on children’s academic achievement in grades 1 to 6. Examination of data from the 1976-79 Sustaining Effects Study of Title I revealed the following major conclusions: (1) small positive gains in reading achievement are related to participation in Title I programs; (2) the estimated impact of Title I on children’s achievement is sensitive to the definition of a control group; and (3) teacher judgment may be included in the selection and achievement process. The results of the analysis do not clarify the issue examined; results are dependent upon the formulation of the control group: one formulation used in the study showed positive results of Title I on achievement while the other… Continue Reading →
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