eric.ed.gov har udgivet: Females are underrepresented in courses in mathematics, science, and computer and other high technology applications. Research in the last decade has identified a variety of factors that contribute to females’ lack of participation in math, science, and technology. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following: stereotypic images and expectations, lack of self-confidence, peer pressure, learning environment, teacher behavior, lack of female role models, failure to see relevance, attributional style or personal responsibility, and lack of incentives. The following strategies can address these issues: (1) parents’, teachers’, and counselors’ efforts to dispel stereotypes; (2) improvement of self-confidence; (3) use of peer pressure by making success in math and science prestigious; (4) enhancement of the learning environment; (5) equalization of teacher behavior; (6) provision of female… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: The Project for Minority Student Achievement (PMSA), a 5-year program funded in part by the National Science Foundation, is a program designed to engender systemic change within a segment of a large urban school district in the Los Angeles (California) Basin. Approximately 40% of the student participants were African American and approximately 60% were Hispanic/Latino-American. The program sought to serve 58% of the 90,793 students, 41% of the 6,573 teachers, and all of the principals of the 40 targeted schools. The School of Education of a major urban university, also in the Los Angeles Basin, provided a total of nine long-term activities for students, educators, and school administrators. Students in grades 4 through 10 participated in activities such as the Summer Science/Math Camp and college preparatory survival… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This report presents the findings from Project Tomorrow’s 2007 Speak Up Survey, informing international discussions about how to improve science learning in the 21st century through an exploration of student, teacher, parent, and school leader attitudes about science education. Project Tomorrow administered its survey in all 50 United States, the District of Columbia, American Department of Defense Schools, Canada, Mexico, and Australia. The top participating states included: Texas, California, Arizona, Illinois, Alabama, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Florida, and Michigan. Project Tomorrow surveyed 319,223 K-12 students, 25,544 teachers, 19,726 parents, and 3,263 school leaders. Respondents were from 3,729 schools and 867 districts. Ninety-seven percent were from public schools; three percent were from private schools. School locations were 32 percent urban, 40 percent suburban, and 29 percent rural. Forty-three… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: “Teach For America” (“TFA”) is a highly selective route to teacher certification that aims to place non-traditionally trained teachers in high-need public schools. The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) identified seven studies of teachers trained through “TFA” that both fall within the scope of the Teacher Training, Evaluation, and Compensation topic area and meet WWC group design standards. The WWC considers the extent of evidence for teachers trained through “TFA” on the academic achievement of students in grades pre-K-12 to be medium to large for two student outcome domains–mathematics achievement and English language arts achievement–and small for two student outcome domains–science achievement and social studies achievement. “TFA” teachers were found to have positive effects on mathematics achievement, potentially positive effects on science achievement, and no discernible effects on… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: Disability Research Encompassing Native Americans in Math and Science (DREAMS) is a comprehensive program that offers math and science experiences to Native American students with disabilities and encourages systems change in schools on or near Indian reservations in related domains. These domains include development of science instructional models based on hands-on learning and conceptual development, approaches to meet national science and mathematics standards, infusion of Native American culture into instruction and methods, accommodations for students with disabilities in science and math instruction, and career exploration in technical fields. DREAMS is a partnership between the University of North Dakota and 10-12 public and tribal schools in North Dakota. Project activities include curriculum and materials development; two annual week-long summer institutes for students, parents, and teachers; teacher education in… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: Eleven experts in mathematics education, special education, and assessment completed an open-ended survey on current math instruction in relation to the “Curriculum and Evaluation Standards” of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the perceived appropriateness and feasibility of the standards for students with disabilities. In general, the experts agreed that adoption of the Standards has been minimal and that math education in practice continues to emphasize basic skills. Two opposing viewpoints were evident in the experts’ responses. One viewpoint was that the Standards did not recognize the importance of individual differences and were not better than current practice in math education. The opposing viewpoint was that the Standards reflected a vision of what mathematics should be and that minimal, nonsubstantial modifications were needed for students… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: The appropriateness and feasibility of the “Curriculum and Evaluation Standards” published by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics were examined with respect to the mathematics education of students with disabilities. Eleven experts from the areas of mathematics education, special education, and assessment were surveyed using a five-point forced rating scale. To investigate the response patterns among the experts, their responses were clustered using a hierarchical agglomerative technique. Most of the experts reached consensus that the Standards should be addressed through curriculum and evaluation in elementary level math education. All respondents perceived that the basic skills were adequately and feasibly addressed in the elementary curriculum. Some experts who believed in the visions provided by the Standards also approved the feasibility of the Standards in evaluation. In contrast,… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This booklet reports the results of a recent National Science Foundation study of the impact of mandated testing programs on curriculum and instruction in elementary and secondary mathematics and science education, especially the impact on teachers with large percentages of minority students. The study included three strands: (1) an item-by-item analysis of the most widely-used standardized tests and textbook tests in mathematics and science for grades 4, 8, and selected high school subjects; (2) a nationwide questionnaire survey responded to by 2,229 mathematics and science teachers in grades 4-12; and (3) interviews with 200 teachers and 100 administrators in 6 urban districts in 6 states nationwide. Included is a figure titled “Percent of items testing types and levels of thinking” and two tables titled “Percent of teachers… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: Raising academic standards has been part of the education policy discourse for decades. As early as the 1990s, states and school districts attempted to raise student achievement by developing higher standards and measuring student progress according to more rigorous benchmarks. However, the caliber of the standards–and their assessments–varied greatly from state to state. For example, Massachusetts adopted some of the highest standards and most challenging exams in the country and has some of the highest-achieving students in the nation. On the other hand, Mississippi set a low bar, and the state’s students are often ill prepared for college and careers. Recognizing that the previous patchwork system did not work, a group of bipartisan governors and state superintendents came together to develop a shared set of more rigorous,… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This report is about the serious shortcomings in U.S. math and science education, and what the federal government can and should do in order to play a much more effective role in the national effort to remedy those shortcomings. The task force responsible for this document believes that math and science education should receive priority attention as a specific focus area in federal pre-college education reform initiatives. However, math and science educational improvement must be undertaken in the context of systemic reform of K-12 education as a whole: teacher capability and diversity, school structure and management, and student motivation. Federal programs in general school reform and in math and science education should be concurrent, coordinated efforts. Sections include the following: (1) “The Social Context for a Federal… Continue Reading →
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