eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This Teacher Education and Mathematics (TEAM) module is designed to increase awareness of the fact that, historically, women have contributed to mathematical knowledge and mathematics education, that they continue to do so at the present time, and that these women may serve as important role models. It contains an instructor’s text and student materials. The instructor’s text provides (1) specific directions for the instructor to follow in guiding lessons and (2) commentary designed to help in building positive mathematics attitudes. The directions tell how to proceed step-by-step, while the commentary articulates a philosophy and provides explanations, attitudinal interventions, and instructional alternatives. This is accomplished with a special “facing pages” format. The right-hand page provides teaching directives, while the left-hand page, “commentary and notes” (or just “notes” when… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: The report describes briefly two foundation-funded inservice training institutes for middle school teachers in Los Angeles (California) who have limited-English-speaking students in their classes. The first was designed to: (1) introduce teachers to the communicative approach to math and science instruction; (2) help develop instructional materials that encourage students to interact with the language of mathematics and science; (3) identify effective instructional and assessment practices for integrating content and language instruction; and (4) train selected teachers to become trainers and to assist in the design and implementation of the second institute. The project was linked to a federally funded program targeting English language acquisition and academic achievement, which allowed inclusion of social studies into the academic content. The first institute took place in November 1991, the second… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: Writing activities can be used to cultivate students’ enthusiasm for learning. This book shows teachers how to introduce their students to the benefits of writing in a variety of subjects including math, language arts, science, social studies, and art. Each chapter in the book includes an observation that allows readers to enter a classroom and see how the teacher uses specific writing assignments to sustain and deepen students’ interaction with subject matter. Each chapter also includes examples of student writing that resulted from each activity; detailed discussion showing how the writing exercises benefited students and teachers; writing prompts; and strategies to evaluate and comment on student writing. Chapters in the book are: (1) Getting Started: Journals and Learning Logs; (2) Putting Ideas in Order: Narratives and Problem… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: Using a cross-cultural perspective, researchers studied the “math avoidance syndrome,” which has reached crisis proportions among American Indians, at two elementary schools on Utah’s Northern Ute Reservation and Wisconsin’s Oneida Indian Reservation in 1980. Researchers gathered data by observing math instruction at the schools and by interviewing parents, teachers, tribal officials, and a group of students from third and fourth grade classrooms. They also discussed with tribal elders each tribe’s style of computation and problem solving. Results showed that, contrary to widely held beliefs, neither degree of traditionality nor sex of student served as an accurate predictor of student math attainment or interest in math. Perceived conflicts between school and home regarding function and purpose of education, social organization of math lessons, incompatibility of classroom management styles,… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: Phase I of a study was conducted to identify the basic mathematics competencies needed for job success in office occupations (14 job clusters). It also sought to determine the differences between employees’ and employer/supervisors’ perceptions of the degree of importance of mathematics skills for office occupations. Following a review of literature, a preliminary list of business and office mathematics skills was submitted to an advisory committee of business teachers, field tested, and refined into a questionnaire that contained a list of 36 basic mathematics skills and 30 mathematics-related business skills. Survey forms were created and sent to 1,652 employees and 288 employer/supervisors at 58 businesses in Louisiana, with responses returned by 854 employees and 171 employer/supervisors. Tables were prepared showing ratings of mathematics skills by each of… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: In 1991, the President announced America 2000, a complex and long-range plan designed to move every community toward the six national education goals. Consistent with this, the Office for Civil Rights instituted a National Enforcement Strategy designed to help protect equal educational opportunity for all students. This pamphlet has been prepared principally for elementary and secondary school teachers, counselors, and administrators who serve in school systems that have programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance. It reviews survey data concerning the representation of minority and female students in math and science courses at the elementary and secondary level and attainment of postsecondary degrees in these academic disciplines. Also, information is provided, based on research findings and experience gained to date, on ways for improving interest and… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: Females are underrepresented in courses in mathematics, science, and computer and other high technology applications. Research in the last decade has identified a variety of factors that contribute to females’ lack of participation in math, science, and technology. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following: stereotypic images and expectations, lack of self-confidence, peer pressure, learning environment, teacher behavior, lack of female role models, failure to see relevance, attributional style or personal responsibility, and lack of incentives. The following strategies can address these issues: (1) parents’, teachers’, and counselors’ efforts to dispel stereotypes; (2) improvement of self-confidence; (3) use of peer pressure by making success in math and science prestigious; (4) enhancement of the learning environment; (5) equalization of teacher behavior; (6) provision of female… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: The Project for Minority Student Achievement (PMSA), a 5-year program funded in part by the National Science Foundation, is a program designed to engender systemic change within a segment of a large urban school district in the Los Angeles (California) Basin. Approximately 40% of the student participants were African American and approximately 60% were Hispanic/Latino-American. The program sought to serve 58% of the 90,793 students, 41% of the 6,573 teachers, and all of the principals of the 40 targeted schools. The School of Education of a major urban university, also in the Los Angeles Basin, provided a total of nine long-term activities for students, educators, and school administrators. Students in grades 4 through 10 participated in activities such as the Summer Science/Math Camp and college preparatory survival… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: This Teacher Education and Mathematics (TEAM) module focuses on women, mathematics, and careers. Module goals include (among others) increasing students’ awarenesss of the role that mathematics plays in almost all careers and their ability to pinpoint mathematics behaviors used in specific careers. The module consists of an instructor’s text and student materials. The instructor’s text provides (1) specific directions for guiding the lessons and (2) commentary designed to help teachers build positive mathematics attitudes. The format is one of “facing pages” whereby the right-hand page provides step-by-step teaching directives and the left-hand page furnishes commentary that articulates a philosophy, provides explanations, and suggests psychological approaches. The “commentary and notes” page also allots space for the instructor’s use and when no commentary applies, the entire page is alloted… Continue Reading →
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eric.ed.gov har udgivet: The aim of the Title I math program was to improve the teaching of mathematics at the primary level in Title I schools. School staff and Parent Advisory Committee members had suggested and helped plan the focus of the project. It was expected that improved teaching would raise the level of understanding of basic mathematics skills and concepts of primary pupils. Testing of the children, however, was incomplete and inconclusive. All Title I primary teachers were eligible for the project. Most of the teachers from 25 public and 9 nonpublic schools availed themselves of the services offered by the project during the two years, 1972-74, covered by this report. This evaluation concentrated on the activities of the project and teachers’ responses to those activities. Teachers received over… Continue Reading →
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